Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1: History, Current Situation, and Outlook

• 2025

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• Florian Krammer; Eniko Hermann; Angela Rasmussen
PMID: 40145745DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02209-24

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This article describes the history and current situation of the H5N1 avian influenza virus. It explains how the virus has spread from birds to mammals, including humans, but there is no human-to-human transmission yet. The risk of a pandemic remains due to possible mutations or reassortment with other viruses. Measures like vaccination and monitoring are suggested to reduce this risk. The text also highlights recent outbreaks in dairy cattle in the USA and mentions global efforts for vaccine development and antiviral treatments to prepare for potential future pandemics caused by H5N1.

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Tags

Focus Area: Infectious Disease

Audiences: EMS Clinicians; Nurses; Physicians; Public Health Professionals

Emergency Management Stage: Preparedness (Prevention / Protection)

Keywords: Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiology; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Virology; Zoonoses; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; Pandemics; Viral Zoonoses

Institutions: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Medical University of Vienna; University of Saskatchewan; University of New York at Stony Brook

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